Solaris Howto

ZFS, Sekedar Catatan Kecil

2008-04-07T02:34:00.000-07:00

Sekedar catatan ketika mencoba ZFS di Solaris Express 5.11 di vmware, mudah-mudahan bermanfaat, amien…

Create mirror pool dengan nama “bigpool”

# zpool create bigpool mirror c0d1 c1d1

Check partisi apakah benar menggunakan ZFS filesystem

# fstyp /dev/dsk/c0d1s0
zfs

List ZFS yang ada

# zpool list
NAME SIZE USED AVAIL CAP HEALTH ALTROOT
bigpool 3.97G 898K 3.97G 0% ONLINE -

Mengaktifkan fitur compression di pool

# zfs set compression=on bigpool

Create home direktori filesystem dan di mount ke /export/home

# zfs create bigpool/home
# zfs set mountpoint=/export/home bigpool/home

Mengaktifkan NFS-export secara Otomatis disemua home direktori

# zfs set sharenfs=rw bigpool/home

Create home direktory untuk masing-masing user

# zfs create bigpool/home/arya
# zfs create bigpool/home/dhani
# zfs create bigpool/home/manda

List ZFS yang ada sekarang :

Setting quota masing-masing user

# zfs set quota=300m bigpool/home/arya
# zfs set quota=200m bigpool/home/dhani
# zfs set quota=100m bigpool/home/manda

List ZFS yang ada sekarang dengan quota yang telah diset sebelumnya

Menambah quota masing-masing user (fitur ini sangat terasa mudah sekali dibandingkan jika kita extend partisi di filesystem lain)

# zfs set quota=150m bigpool/home/manda
# zfs set quota=210m bigpool/home/dhani

List ZFS yang ada, dengan quota yang telah di extend

Untuk menambah space ke pool

# zpool add bigpool mirror c2d1 c2d2

Membuat snapshot direktori arya

# zfs snapshot bigpool/home/arya@today

Mengembalikan snapshot ke snapshot sebelumnya

# zfs rollback bigpool/home/arya@yesterday

Jika ingin mencoba Administrasi ZFS via GUI bisa juga dengan menjalankan service “smcwebserver”

# /usr/sbin/smcwebserver start

Kemudian arahkan web browser ke https://nama_host:6789

Ini adalah screenshoot dari ZFS GUI :

Reset password Alom mesin SUN from Operating System Solaris

2008-03-14T02:54:00.000-07:00

Install RSC package dari EIS-DVD:

# cd cdrom/cdrom0/sun/progs/RSC/2.2.3/
# mkdir /tmp/RSC
# unzip -d /tmp/RSC rsc2.2.3_pakages_s9.zip
# cd /tmp/RSC/
# pkgadd -d .
Pilih paket no 25,26 dan 27, dan jawab semua pertanyaan yang ada di wizard.

Check Pakages

# pkginfo |grep SUNWrsc

# /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-xxx/rsc/rscadm userpassword admin
password : ********
Re-type password : ********

Show network configuration

# /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-xxx/rsc/rscadm shownetwork

Setting IP dan gateway

# /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-xxx/sbin/scadm set netsc_ipaddr ...
# /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-xxx/sbin/scadm set netsc_ipnetmask ...
# /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-xxx/sbin/scadm set ipgateway ...

Simpan konfiguras setelah melakukan perubahan

# /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-xxx/rsc/rscadm resetsc

NB : Setiap melakukan perubahan settingan di Alom, maka dibutuhkan resetsc untuk menyimpan hasil perubahan tersebut

Howto Install and Using RSC (Remote System Control)

2008-03-14T02:49:00.000-07:00

RSC (Remote System Control) berfungsi untuk melakukan remote ke ALOM dalam sebuah machine SUN.

Untuk installasinya bisa mengikuti step-step dibawah ini:

# cd cdrom/cdrom0/sun/progs/RSC/2.2.3/
# mkdir /tmp/RSC
# unzip -d /tmp/RSC rsc2.2.3_pakages_s9.zip
# cd /tmp/RSC/
# pkgadd -d .
Pilih paket no 25,26 dan 27, dan jawab semua pertanyaan yang ada di wizard.

Check Pakages

# pkginfo |grep SUNWrsc

Jika kita ingin mengakses RSC ini lewat GUI, maka kita bisa melakukan langkah-langkah ini:

Export DISPLAY server anda ke komputer remote

# export DISPLAY=ip_komp_remote:0.0

Aktifkan xmanager passive, kemudian jalankan command dibawah ini:

# cd /opt/rsc/bin
# ./rsc &

jika tidak ada error message, maka tampilan GUI dari Remote System Control ini akan tampil di layar komputer remote.

Install & Configure pkg_get Solaris 10

2008-03-05T09:17:00.000-08:00

Ini adalah dokumentasi cara menginstall dan mengkonfigurasi "pkg_get" di Solaris 10, dengan pkg_get ini proses instalasi suatu paket akan dijalankan secara online ke server repository yang tersedia, jadi install software akan menjadi semudah "apt-get" di debian base dan "yum" di redhat base, menyenangkan bukan? :)

Download pkg_get.pkg

# /usr/sfw/bin/wget http://www.blastwave.org/pkg_get.pkg

Install pkg_get.pkg (full path)

# pkgadd -d /pkg_get.pkg

The following packages are available:
1 CSWpkgget pkg_get - CSW version of automated package download tool
(all) 3.8.4

Select package(s) you wish to process (or 'all' to process
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]: 1

Sampai disini akan ditanyakan apakah kita akan membuat directory /opt/csw, dimana directory ini akan dipergunakan untuk menyimpan semua paket instalasi yang dilakukan via pkg_get.

Do you want this directory created now [y,n,?,q] y

Proses instalasi dimulai

## Installing part 1 of 1.
/opt/csw/bin/pkg-get
/opt/csw/etc/pkg-get.conf.csw
/opt/csw/share/man/man1m/pkg-get.1m
/var/pkg-get/admin-fullauto
[ verifying class ]
## Executing postinstall script.

Pastikan pesan success muncul di akhir proses instalasi ini

Installation of was successful.

Langkah-langkah diatas bisa dipersingkat dengan menggunakan command :

# pkgadd -d http://www.blastwave.org/pkg_get.pkg

Import PGP public key

# /usr/sfw/bin/wget --output-document=pgp.key http://www.blastwave.org/mirrors.html
# gpg --import pgp.key

Untuk memudahkan menggunakan command pkg_get ini kita buat symlink dari file pkg_get yang ada di /opt/csw/bin ke /usr/sbin, jadi jika kita mau menggunakan command pkg_get tidak harus mengetikkan command tersebut secara full path.

# ln -s /opt/csw/bin/pkg-get /usr/sbin

Perlu diingat, bahwa configurasi pkg_get ini ada di "/opt/csw/etc/pkg-get.conf", jadi jika kita ingin meng-edit configurasi pkg_get ini silahkan edit file tersebut, misal kita ingin mengubah alamat repository dll.

Untuk menginstall program secara online menggunakan pkg_get ini, bisa menggunakan command :

# pkg-get -i nama_program

misalkan jika kita ingin menginstall seamonkey

# pkg-get -i seamonkey

Untuk mengupdate katalog file, bisa gunakan command :

# pkg-get -U

Referensi : http://www.blastwave.org/howto.html

Hint JumpStart Solaris 10

2008-03-04T09:59:00.000-08:00

Package add the JET framework and other modules you require on to the prospective JumpStart server.

# pkgadd -d SUNWjet.pkg JetEISCD JetSDS JetVXVM

Add /opt/SUNWjet/bin to your PATH variable

Edit /opt/SUNWjet/etc/jumpStart.conf

Set up the Solaris media for the JumpStart

# copy_solaris_media
# add_solaris_location

If you want an EIS CD build for the client, copy the eis-cd patches etc to the server

# copy_eiscd

Create a template for the client using

# make_template client_name

Edit the template in /opt/SUNWjet/Templates/client_name

Set up the server to jumpStart the client using

# make_client client_name

JumpStart the client from "ok prompt"

ok > boot net - install - w

IPMP on Solaris 10

2008-03-04T09:44:00.000-08:00

Setting IPMP with 2 physical ethernet using 3 IP Address

# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.0.2 server1
192.168.0.3 server1-bge0
192.168.0.4 server1-bge1

# more /etc/netmasks
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0

# more /etc/defaultrouter
192.168.0.1

# more /etc/hostname.bge0
server1 netmask + broadcast + group ipmp0 up \
addif server1-bge0 deprecated -failover netmask + broadcast + up

# more /etc/hostname.bge1
server1-bge1 deprecated -failover netmask + broadcast + group ipmp0 up

Now we have 3 IP address, 2 physical (192.168.0.3 & 192.168.0.4) and 1 virtual (192.168.0.2), if one of physical ip has disrupted, we still have 192.168.0.2 alive.

# reboot

Setting IPMP with 2 physical ethernet using 1 IP address

# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.0.224 server1 loghost

# more /etc/hostname.bge0
server1 netmask + broadcast + group ipmp0 up

# more /etc/hostname.bge1
group ipmp0 up

# reboot

Metadb failed bootdisk error

2008-03-04T00:03:00.000-08:00

Error :

Insufficient metadevice database replicas located, Use metadb to delete databases which are broken...

Solving :

Check database metadb yg rusak (jika ada yg "unknown" berarti disitulah letak database metadb yang rusak).

# metadb -i

Delete database metadb yg rusak.

# metadb -d -f /dev/rdsk/c0d1s7

Restart machine.

# reboot

Copy VTOC dari disk0 ke disk1.

# prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0d1s2

Create metadb baru di disk yang metadb nya rusak.

# metadb -a -c 3 -f /dev/dsk/c0d1s7

Copy data dari disk0 ke disk1.

# metareplace -e d0 c0d1s0
# metareplace -e d1 c0d1s1
# metareplace -e d3 c0d1s3
# metareplace -e d4 c0d1s4
# metareplace -e d5 c0d1s5
# metareplace -e d6 c0d1s6

Check status synchronize data dari disk0 ke disk1.

# metastat -i

Dump all the file system with bourne shell

2008-03-04T00:02:00.000-08:00

If want to dump an all the file system, we can use bourne shell at the prompt :

# sh
# for i in 0 1 3 4 5 6 (number partition)
# do
# ufsdump 0ucf 192.168.0.2:/dev/rmt/0n /dev/md/rdsk/d$i (mirror)
# echo $i done
# done

Note :
192.168.0.2 : Place of tape drive attached

Howto Unmirror a File System That Cannot Be Unmounted Solaris 10

2008-03-04T00:01:00.000-08:00

Use this task to unmirror file systems, including root (/), /usr, /opt, and swap, that cannot be unmounted during normal system operation.

Make sure that you have root privilege and that you have a current backup of all data.
Verify that at least one submirror is in the Okay state.

# metastat mirror

Detach the submirror that will continue to be used for the file system.

# metadetach mirror submirror

Use one of the following commands, depending the file system you want to unmirror:
- For the /usr, /opt, or swap file systems, change the file system entry in the /etc/vfstab file to use a non-Solaris Volume Manager device (slice).
- For the root (/) file system only: run the metaroot command.

# metaroot rootslice

Reboot the system.

# reboot

Clear the remaining mirror and submirrors.

# metaclear -r mirror

Example Unmirroring the root (/) File System

# metastat d0
d0: Mirror
Submirror 0: d10
State: Okay
Submirror 1: d20
State: Okay
Pass: 1
Read option: roundrobin (default)
Write option: parallel (default)
Size: 40541184 blocks (19 GB)

d10: Submirror of d0
State: Okay
Size: 40541184 blocks (19 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t0d0s0 0 No Okay Yes

d20: Submirror of d0
State: Okay
Size: 40541184 blocks (19 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t1d0s0 0 No Okay Yes

# metadetach d0 d20
d0: submirror d20 is detached

# metaroot /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0

# reboot

# metaclear -r d0
d0: Mirror is cleared
d10: Concat/Stripe is cleared

# metaclear d20
d20: Concat/Stripe is cleared

Example Unmirroring the swap File System

# metastat d1
d1: Mirror
Submirror 0: d11
State: Okay
Submirror 1: d21
State: Okay

# metadetach d1 d21
d1: submirror d21 is detached

Edit the /etc/vfstab file to change the entry for swap from metadevice to slice name

# vi /etc/vfstab

In this example, the /etc/vfstab file contains the following entry for the swap file system:

/dev/md/dsk/d1 - - swap - no -

Change the entry to read as follows:

/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 - - swap - no -

# reboot

# metaclear -r d1
d1: Mirror is cleared
d11: Concat/Stripe is cleared

# metaclear d21
d21: Concat/stripe is cleared

Howto Unmirror a File System that can be unmounted Solaris 10

2008-03-03T23:59:00.000-08:00

Use this procedure to unmirror a file system that can be unmounted while the system is running.
To unmirror root (/), /var, /usr, or swap, or any other file system that cannot be unmounted while the system is running

Make sure that you have root privilege and that you have a current backup of all data.
Verify that at least one submirror is in the Okay state.

# metastat mirror

Unmount the file system.

# umount /file-system

Detach the submirror that will continue to be used for the file system.

# metadetach mirror submirror

Clear the mirror and remaining subcomponents.

# metaclear -r mirror

Edit the /etc/vfstab file to use the component detached in Step4 , if necessary.
Remount the file system.

# mount /file-system

Example : Unmirroring the /opt File System

# metastat d3
d3: Mirror
Submirror 0: d13
State: Okay
Submirror 1: d23
State: Okay
Pass: 1
Read option: roundrobin (default)
Write option: parallel (default)
Size: 31464192 blocks (15 GB)

d13: Submirror of d3
State: Okay
Size: 31464192 blocks (15 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t0d0s3 0 No Okay Yes

d23: Submirror of d3
State: Okay
Size: 31464192 blocks (15 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t1d0s3 0 No Okay Yes

# umount /opt

# metadetach d3 d13
d3: submirror d13 is detached

# metaclear -r d3
d3: Mirror is cleared
d23: Concat/Stripe is cleared

Edit the /etc/vfstab file so that the entry for /opt is changed from d3 to the underlying slice or volume

# mount /opt

Reset Password root Solaris 10

2008-03-03T23:56:00.000-08:00

Sering sekali saya menemui kasus dimana seorang administrator lupa akan password root di salah satu mesin/server, mungkin dikarenakan banyaknya server/mesin yang mereka handle, walau sebenarnya hal ini tidak boleh terjadi :(

Nah dalam tulisan ini saya ingin mendokumentasikan howto tentang me-reset password root di mesin solaris 10

Masuk ke OK prompt (bisa melalui halt, init 0 atau STOP + A)
Booting ke cdrom dan masuk ke single user

ok> boot cdrom -s

Check slice root dengan command "fsck"

# fsck -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 (Letak slice root)

Mount slice root ke /mnt (atau /a)

# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /mnt

Masuk ke direktori /etc

# cd /mnt/etc

Untuk kemudahan penggunaan terminal ada baiknya kita export terminal terlebih dahulu

TERM=sun
export TERM

Edit /etc/shadow (letak password root yang telah di enkrip)

# vi shadow

Hapus password root yg telah di enkrip (di kolom kedua)

....
root:(hapus):
....

Masuk ke home directory root

# cd

Umount mounting slice root yang tadi di mount ke /mnt

# umount /mnt

Restart komputer (seharusnya nanti akan langsung masuk ke Solaris, tanpa ditanyakan password)

# reboot

Set ulang password root

# passwd

Howto SUNWexplo Solaris 10

2008-03-03T23:50:00.000-08:00

Download paket SUNWexplo di website sun atau bisa juga diinstall dari DVD Solaris nya.

Extract file SUNWexplo.tar.Z:

# zcat SUNWexplo.tar.Z | tar xvf -

Install paket SUNWexplo:

# pkgadd -d . SUNWexplo

Jalankan SUNWexplo untuk meng-collect data-data mesin yang terinstall Solaris.

# /opt/SUNWexplo/bin/explorer

Output dari aplikasi ini di simpan dalam direktori /opt/SUNWexplo/output/explorer.XXXX dimana XXXX ini adalah angka-angka yang menidentifikasikan serial number mesin dan nama hostname.

ACL - Solaris 10

2008-03-03T23:49:00.001-08:00

Little documentation about ACL at Solaris 10 :)

(-) The following example shows you how to substitute an ACL on the file named file1. The ACL permissions are configured as follows:

The file owner has read, write, and execute permissions
The group has read and write permissions
The other users have read-only permissions
The user named user1 has read, write, and execute permissions on the file
The ACL mask has read and write permissions
The user named user1 has read, write, and execute permissions

Perform the setfacl command with the following options to substitute an ACL on file1:

# setfacl -s u::rwx,g::rw-,o:r--,m:rw-,u:user1:rwx file1

Or using this command :

# setfacl -s u::7,g::6,o:4,m:6,u:user1:7 file1

(-) Command copies the ACL entries from the file named file1 to the file named file2

# getfacl file1 | setfacl -f - file2

Install driver emulex LP11000 di Solaris 10

2008-03-02T05:28:00.000-08:00

Ini adalah step-step menginstall driver emulex LP110000 di Solaris 10, yang saya implementasikan di Sunfire 240 :)

1. Install Emulex Kit

# tar xvf emlxu_kit-1.00n-sparc.tar
# pkgadd -d .

The following packages are available:
1 EMLXemlxu ....

Pilih no. 1 kemudian ikutin step-step selanjutnya hingga selesai, dan pastikan muncul message "successfull", kemudian delete semua binding :

cd /opt/EMLXemlxu/bin/
./emlxdrv

Pilih "clear_all" kemudian pilih "q" untuk exit

# reboot

2. Install LPFC

# tar vxf lpfc-6.10g-sparc.tar
# pkgadd -d .

The following packages are available:
1 EMLXemlxu ....
2 lpfc.1 ....

Pilih no. 2 kemudian ikutin step-step selanjutnya hingga selesai, dan pastikan muncul message "successfull"

# reboot

3. Install HBAnyware

# tar vxf solaris-3.0a17-6.10g-1b.tar
# gunzip HBAnyware-3.0a17-sparc.tar.gz
# tar -xvf HBAnyware-3.0a17-sparc.tar
# ./unpack_apps
# pkgadd -d .

The following packages are available:
1 EMLXemlxu ....
2 HBAnyware ....
3 lpfc.1 ....

Pilih no 2

Ikutin step-step selanjutnya hingga selesai, dan pastikan muncul message "successfull"

# sync
# reboot

Tambahan :

Untuk mensetting agar driver ini menjadi module loadable :

# modload /kernel/drv/sparcv9/lpfc

Untuk mengecek apakah driver Emulex ini sudah benar-benar terinstall maka ada beberapa command yang bisa dipergunakan :

# modinfo | grep lpfc
41 1324460 57320 130 1 lpfc (Emulex FC SCSI/IP lpfc 6.10g)

# /usr/sbin/lpfc//lputil
....

Emulex Fibre Channel Host Adapters Detected: 1
Host Adapter 0 (lpfc0) is an LP11000-M4 (Ready Mode)

ket : angka 1 berarti ada satu HBA yang terinstall.

Untuk menjalankan aplikasi GUI HBAnyware bisa menggunakan command :

# /usr/sbin/hbanyware/hbanyware

Jika Anda menginstall driver emulex melalui remote console via ssh atau telnet, maka kita bisa menggunakan xmanager untuk menampilkan HBAnyware GUI, caranya:

Install Xmanager di komputer atau notebook Anda

Jalankan Xmanager-Passive

Export display komputer remote menggunakan command:

# export DISPLAY=ip_komputer_anda:0.0
# /usr/sbin/hbanyware/hbanyware &

Jika tidak ada error, maka akan tampil tampilan GUI HBAnyware ini di notebook/komputer Anda.

Congratulation..!!!

Mount / unmount iso image di Solaris menggunakan lofiadm

2008-03-02T05:26:00.000-08:00

Mount

lofiadm -a /path/image.iso
mount -F hsfs /dev/lofi/1 /mnt

Unmount

umount /mnt
lofiadm -d /dev/lofi/1

Mirroring (RAID 1) Solaris 10

2008-03-02T05:22:00.000-08:00

Mendokumentasikan cara konfigurasi mirroring (RAID 1) di Solaris 10

Langkah-langkahnya:

Membuat salinan VTOC
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0d1s2
Membuat metadb, Metadb ini adalah file database yang akan menampung semua data konfigurasi mirror yang dibuat, sekedar saran, jika Anda bermaksud membuat mirroring di kemudian hari pada mesin Solaris, maka sebaiknya siapakan partisi unused yang nantinya akan berguna untuk menampung semua data konfigurasi mirror yang akan dibuat.
metadb –a –c 3 –f c0d0s7 c0d1s7
Membuat virtual device dari setiap slice yang akan dimirror.
Skenario:
d0 - / mirror
d10 - /dev/dsk/c0d0s0
d20 - /dev/dsk/c0d1s0

d1 - swap
d11 - /dev/dsk/c0d0s1
d21 - /dev/dsk/c0d1s1
metainit -f d10 1 1 /dev/dsk/c0d0s0
metainit -f d20 1 1 /dev/dsk/c0d1s0
metainit d0 -m d10

metainit -f d11 1 1 /dev/dsk/c0d0s1
metainit -f d21 1 1 /dev/dsk/c0d1s1
metainit d1 -m d11
Membuat virtal device di harddisk kedua
metattach d0 d20
metattach d1 d21
Memberitahu operating system bahwa root sistem sekarang berupa virtual device bukan slice harddisk lagi
metaroot d0
Rubah device swap ke /dev/md/dsk/d1

dumpadm -d /dev/md/dsk/d1

Edit /etc/vfstab

Restart
lockfs -fa
init 6

Jalankan command "metastat -i" untuk melihat status syncronisasi nya :)

Referensi :
[1] http://tedytirta.com/2007/09/12/raid-1-di-solaris-10/
[2] http://www.tech-recipes.com/solaris_system_administration_tips225.html

Setting IP address Solaris

2008-03-02T05:18:00.000-08:00

Aktifkan ethernet interface

# ifconfig pcn0 plumb

Assign IP ke interface ethernet

# ifconfig pcn0 192.168.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255

Meng-online kan interface ethernet

# ifconfig pcn0 up

Edit /etc/hosts

# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.0.10 delta (nama komp)

Edit /etc/hostname.xxx

# vi /etc/hostname.pcn0
delta

Edit /etc/netmasks

# vi /etc/netmasks
192.168.0.10 255.255.255.0

Setting Gateway

# vi /etc/defaultrouter
192.168.0.1